TERCER CONDICIONAL

http://www.euroresidentes.com/Blogs/curso_ingles/2005/06/el-conditional-3.html

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THIRD CONDITIONAL

Third Conditional: no possibility

The first conditional and second conditionals talk about the future. With the third conditional we talk about the past. We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. That is why there is no possibility for this condition. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true.

Last week you bought a lottery ticket. But you did not win. :-(

	condition	result
	Past Perfect	WOULD HAVE + Past Participle
If	I had won the lottery	I would have bought a car.

Notice that we are thinking about an impossible past condition. You did not win the lottery. So the condition was not true, and that particular condition can never be true because it is finished. We use the past perfect tense to talk about the impossible past condition. We use WOULD HAVE + past participle to talk about the impossible past result. The important thing about the third conditional is that both the condition and result are impossible now.

Sometimes, we use should have, could have, might have instead of would have, for example: If you had bought a lottery ticket, you might have won.

Look at some more examples in the tables below:

IF	condition	result
	past perfect	WOULD HAVE + past participle
If	I had seen Mary	I would have told her.
If	Tara had been free yesterday	I would have invited her.
If	they had not passed their exam	their teacher would have been sad.
If	it had rained yesterday	would you have stayed at home?
If	it had rained yesterday	what would you have done?

 

result	IF	condition
WOULD HAVE + past participle		past perfect
I would have told Mary	if	I had seen her.
I would have invited Tara	if	she had been free yesterday.
Their teacher would have been sad	if	they had not passed their exam.
Would you have stayed at home	if	it had rained yesterday?
What would you have done	if	it had rained yesterday?

FOR MORE INFORMATION GO TO THIS LINK
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-conditional_4.htm

Third conditional

We can use the Third Conditional to talk about 'impossible' conditions, impossible because they are in the past and we cannot change what has happened.

• If I had worked harder at school, I would have got better grades.
• If I had had time, I would have gone to see him. But I didn't have time.
• If we had bought that house, we would have had to rebuild the kitchen.
• If we had caught the earlier train, we would have got there on time but we were late.

Notice that the main clause can contain 'would', 'could' or 'might.

• If I had seen him at the meeting, I would have asked him. (But he wasn't there so I didn't.)
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I could have asked him. ( But he wasn't there so it wasn't possible.)
• If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him. (But I'm not sure. Perhaps if the opportunity had arisen.)
• If I had paid more attention in class, I would have understood the lesson.

Also notice that sometimes the 'if clause' is implied rather than spoken.

• I'd have done it. ("if you had asked me but you didn't.")
• I wouldn't have said that. ("if I'd been there.")
• He wouldn't have let him get away with that. ("if he had tried that with me.")

exercise 1

exercise 2

exercise 3

exercise 4

exercise 5

Return to List of Grammar Lessons

REFERENCE:

GO TO THIS LINK
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/thirdconditional/menu.php

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Third Conditional, también -Type III- Refiere a una situación hipotética del pasado y se forma según la estructura : if + past perfect + conditional perfect. Aquí tienes algunos ejemplos traducidos.

If clause	Main clause
If + Past Perfect tense	would/could/might + have + past participle
If I had won the lottery,	I would have traveled around the world.

• If I had won the lottery, I would have traveled around the world.
  Si yo hubiera ganado la lotería, habría viajado por todo el mundo.
• If I had seen him, I would have told him about you.
  Si lo hubiese visto, le habría contado acerca de ti.
• If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand.
  Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habría levantado mi mano.
• If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen her.
  Si ella hubiese venido el sábado, la habría visto.
• If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on time.
  Si ellos hubiesen salido más temprano, habrían llegado a tiempo.
• If we had studied harder, we might have passed the test.
  Si hubiésemos estudiado más duro, podríamos haber aprobado la prueba.
• If you had gone to Brazil, you would have had lots of fun.
  Si tu hubieses ido a Brasil, habrías tenido mucha diversión.
• If I hadn't been so busy, I could have helped you.
  Si no hubiese estado tan ocupado, te podría haber ayudado.
• If you had phoned me, I would have known you were here.
  Si tu me hubieses telefoneado, habría sabido que estabas aquí.
• If they had invited us, we would have accepted at once.
  Si ellos nos hubiesen invitado, habríamos aceptado de inmediato.
• If she had explained me the problem, I would have understood it.
  Si ella me hubiese explicado el problema, lo habría entendido.
• If I hadn't forgotten his number, I would have phoned him.
  Si no hubiese olvidado su número, lo habría llamado.
• If it hadn't rained, we would have gone fishing.
  Si no hubiese llovido, habríamos ido a pescar.
• If my sister had been here, she would have enjoyed this.
  Si mi hermana hubiese estado aquí, habría disfrutado esto.
• If they hadn't drunk so much last night, they wouldn't have felt sick today.
  Si no hubiesen tomado tanto anoche, no se habrían sentido enfermos hoy.
• If he had worked more, he could have saved more money.
  Si él hubiese trabajado más, podría haver ahorrado más dinero.

REFERENCES:

GO TO THE LINK

http://www.shertonenglish.com/resources/es/conditionals/type3.php

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Third Conditional

Introduction

---

The third conditional (also called conditional type 3) is a structure used for talking about unreal situations in the past. This page will explain how the third conditional is formed, and when to use it. The structure of a third conditional sentence Like the other conditionals, a third conditional sentence consists of two clauses, an "if" clause and a main clause: if clause main clause explanation If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. I failed the exam, because I didn't study hard enough. If the "if" clause comes first, a comma is usually used. If the "if" clause comes second, there is no need for a comma: main clause if clause I probably would have passed the exam if I had studied harder. We use different verb forms in each part of a third conditional: if clause if + subject + past perfect verb* main clause subject + would (OR could, OR might) have + past participle *The past perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb "had", and the past participle (or third form) of the verb. Note also that third conditional forms can be contracted: Full form If I had studied harder, I probably would have passed the exam. Contracted form If I'd studied harder, I probably would've passed the exam. Using the third conditional The third conditional is used to talk about things which DID NOT HAPPEN in the past. If your native language does not have a similar construction, you may find this a little strange, but it can be very useful. It is often used to express criticism or regret: Example Explanation If you had driven more carefully, you would not have had an accident. Criticism: You had an accident because you didn't drive carefully enough. If we had played a little better, we could have won the game. Regret: We didn't play well, so we lost the game. If you had saved your money, you could have bought a computer. Criticism: You didn't save your money, so now you can't afford a computer. If it had snowed, we could have gone skiing. Regret: It didn't snow, so we couldn't go skiing. REFERENCE: GO TO THIS LINK http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/3cond.htm

Los ‘relative clauses’ se usan para definir sobre que persona o que cosa estamos hablando. Con los 'relative clauses’ se puede decir mas información sobre la persona o cosa de que estas hablando. Se emplean mucho por eso es importante saber como usarlos correctamente. Abajo hay explicaciónes sobre los defining relative clauses (sin comas) con ejemplos.

1.
The woman has gone to the beach. La mujer ha ido a la playa. (¿que mujer?)
The woman who lives in the blue house has gone to the beach. La mujer que vive en la casa azul ha ido a la playa. 

Se usa who para refirir a las personas.

En la primera frase no se sabe que mujer ha ido a la playa se usa la clausula ‘who lives in the blue house’ para definir que mujer.

2.
The book is very expensive. El libro es muy caro. (¿que libro?)
The book that is on the table is very expensive. El libro que esta encima de la mesa es muy caro. 

Se usa which para refirir a las cosas.

En la primera frase no se sabe que libro es muy caro y se usa la clausula ‘which is very expensive’ para definir que libro.

3.
This is a picture of the cinema. Esto es un dibujo del cine. (¿que cine?)
This is a picture of the cinema where we met. Esto es un dibujo del cine donde nos conocimos. 

Se usa where para refirir a los lugares.

En la primera frases no sabemos que cine esta en el dibujo se usa la clausula‘where we met’ para definirlo.


Tambien se puede usar that para hablar de personas o cosas.
The woman that lives in the blue house has gone to the beach.
The book that is on the table is very expensive.

Para mas información sobre defining relative clauses haga clic en:
relative clauses 1
(Aquí está la información)

Un relative clause hace referencia a una persona o cosa ya mencionada anteriormente en la frase. Aqui vamos a mirar los defining relative clauses (sin comas).

Ejemplo:
The woman who lives in that house is Spanish. La mujer que vive en aquella casa es Española.

Se usa who para personas

Tambien se puede usar that para personas con el mismo significado en un defining relative clause (sin comas)

Ejemplo:
The woman that lives in that house is Spanish. La mujer que vive en aquella casa es Española.

Se usa that ó which para cosas en un defining relative clause (sin comas) aunque el uso de that es mas común.

Ejemplo:
This is the house that I used to live in. Esta es la casa donde vivía.

EjercicioCompletar estas frases con who ó that y despues haga clic aquí para ver las respuestas. 

1.She is the woman ........won the lottery. Ella es la mujer que ganó la lotería.2.They are the people ..................live in the village. Ellos son las personas que viven en el pueblo. 3.Vegetarians are people ...............don’t eat meat. Los vegetarianos son las personas que no comen carne.
4.This is the place …………..I told you about. Este es el lugar que te conté.
5.This is the restaurant …………..I like. Este es el restaurante que me gusta.

Para mas información sobre who, that y which haga clic en:
relative clauses 2
(Aquí está la información)

Un relative clause hace referencia a una persona ó cosa ya mencionada anteriormente en la frase.

Se puede usar who, that ó which – para mas información haga clic aquí
A veces se puede omitir who, that ó which.

Se puede omitir who, that ó which de la frase si es el objeto de la cláusula.

Ejemplo:
This is the house that I used to live in. Esta es la casa donde vivía.

En esta frase that es el objeto de la cláusula that I used to live in así que se puede decir:

This is the house I used to live in.

Si who, that ó which son el sujeto de la cláusula entonces NO se puede omitir.

Ejemplo:
The woman that lives in this house is Spanish. La mujer que vive en aquella casa es Española.

En esta frase that lives in this house is Spanish that es el sujeto del verbo lives así que No se puede omitir.

Ejercicio
Decidir si se puede omitir who, that ó which en estas frases y después haga clic aquí para ver las respuestas.
1.The person who I spoke at the supermarket was French. La persona con quien hable en el supermercado era Francesa.
2.This is the book that I recommended. Este es el libro que te recomendé.
3. I like the jacket that you are wearing. Me gusta la chaqueta que llevas puesta.
4.The film that I saw was very interesting. La película que vi era muy interesante.
5. The children that were playing in the park were friends. Los niños que estaban jugando en el parque eran amigos.

Para mas información sobre non-defining relative clauses haga clic en:
relative clauses 3

(Aquí está la información) 

Mira este ejemplo:
My neighbour, who is French, is very rich. Mi vecino, quien es Francés, es muy rico.

Esta frase contiene un relative clause llamado un non-defining relative clause. Estos tipos de relative clauses contienen extra información. Se puede decir y entender la frase perfectamente sin ello.

Por ejemplo:

My neighbour is very rich. Mi vecino es muy rico.

Se entiende igual que la frase:

My neighbour, who is French, is very rich. Mi vecino, quien es Francés, es muy rico.

El único diferencia es que la frase contiene mas información.

Sus características son los siguientes:

Tiene comas para separar la clausula del resto de la frase.

Solo se puede usar who para personas y which para cosas.

No se puede usar that

La información que contienen NO es fundamental para la comprensión de la frase.


Compara estas 2 frases con relative clauses

The man who I told you about is very friendly. El hombre que te conté es muy simpático.

Esta frase contiene un relative clause que no se puede omitir porque es importante para la comprensión de toda la frase.

My teacher, who has been working at the same school for 5 years, is getting married on Saturday. Mi profesor, quien lleva 5 años trabajando en la misma escuela, se casa el Sábado.

En esta frase la información - who has been working at the same school for 5 years - NO es fundamental para entender la frase – así que es un non-defining relative clause separado del resto de la frase por comas.

Ejercicio:
Decide si estas frases contienen un defining ó non-defining relative clause. Si es non-defining tienes que añadir comas. Después haga clic aquí para ver las respuestas.

1. My sister who works in a bank is moving house next week.
2. The supermarket which is near my mother’s house is closing down.
3. The capital city of Spain which has a population of about 5 million inhabitants is in the centre of the country.
4. The local beach which was full of people as very dirty.
5. The footballer who was injured last Saturday earns a lot of money.

REFERENCIA
GO TO THIS LINK

http://curso-gratis-ingles.euroresidentes.com/2008/05/relative-clauses-3.html